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In the field of organic chemistry, the use of infrared spectroscopy is an incredibly valuable tool for the identification of unknown compounds. It allows chemists to determine the functional groups present within a molecule and to differentiate between isomers. However, interpreting IR spectra can be a daunting task for those who are unfamiliar with the technique. In this tutorial, we will explore how to read IR spectroscopy and interpret the data it provides.

IR spectroscopy basics

Before delving into the specifics of interpreting IR spectra, it is important to understand the basics of the technique. Infrared spectroscopy involves the measurement of the absorption of infrared radiation by a sample. When a beam of infrared radiation is passed through a sample, the molecules within that sample absorb some of the energy from the beam. The amount of energy absorbed is dependent upon the functional groups present within the sample, allowing for the identification of those groups.

Interpreting IR spectra

Interpreting IR spectra involves examining the peaks and troughs within the spectrum. The location, shape, and intensity of these peaks and troughs provide valuable information about the functional groups present within the sample.

Sample IR spectrum

As we can see from the above sample IR spectrum, there are several peaks and troughs present. The horizontal axis represents the frequency of the absorbed radiation, while the vertical axis represents the percent transmittance. In other words, it shows how much of the radiation was absorbed by the sample. The higher the percent transmittance, the less absorption occurred.

Interpreting peaks

Peaks within the IR spectrum are indicative of functional groups present within the sample. The location of the peak can provide information about the type of functional group present, while the intensity of the peak provides information about the amount of that functional group within the sample.

For example, a strong peak at around 1700 cm-1 indicates the presence of a carbonyl group, while a peak at around 3300 cm-1 indicates the presence of an alcohol or amine group.

Interpreting troughs

Troughs within the IR spectrum indicate areas where radiation was not absorbed. They can also provide valuable information about the sample. For example, a trough at around 3000 cm-1 indicates the presence of a C-H bond, while a trough at around 2300 cm-1 indicates the presence of a triple bond.

Conclusion

Interpreting IR spectra can be a challenging task, but with a basic understanding of the technique and how to interpret the peaks and troughs present within the spectrum, it becomes a valuable tool for identifying unknown compounds. If you’re interested in furthering your knowledge on this topic, consult the resource below.

Resource:

Interpreting IR spectra: A Quick Guide

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